Dr. Mayne's research focuses on the prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as the promotion of healthier lifestyles in children and their families. Using multilevel and longitudinal epidemiological methods, she investigates how factors at the individual, family, neighborhood, and policy level influence risk factor behaviors and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Her past research has focused on tobacco control and obesity prevention policies, neighborhood social environments (e.g., crime, safety, segregation), and using new technologies (e.g., Google Street View imagery) to characterize neighborhood environments. She is also currently engaged in research to promote innovation in pediatric primary care, and has collaborated with other Children's Hospital of Philadelphia investigators on health information technology-focused research in primary care settings.