<p>Children living with&nbsp;HIV (HIV+) experience increased risk of&nbsp;neurocognitive deficits, but standardized&nbsp;cognitive testing is limited in low-resource, high-prevalence settings. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) was adapted for use in Botswana.&nbsp;This&nbsp;study evaluated the criterion validity of a locally adapted version of the PennCNB among a cohort of HIV+ individuals aged 10-17&nbsp;years in Botswana.&nbsp;Participants completed the PennCNB and a comprehensive professional consensus assessment consisting of pencil-and-paper psychological assessments, clinical interview, and review of academic performance. Seventy-two&nbsp;participants were&nbsp;classified as cases (i.e., with cognitive impairment; N = 48) or controls (i.e., without cognitive impairment; N = 24). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under receiver operating&nbsp;characteristic curves were&nbsp;calculated. Discrimination was acceptable, and prediction improved as the threshold for PennCNB impairment was less conservative. This research contributes to the validation of the PennCNB for use among children affected by HIV in Botswana.</p>