Adverse psychosocial factors in pregnancy and preterm delivery.

2021

2021 Mar 05

1365-3016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Mental health symptoms, stress, and low psychosocial resources are associated with preterm delivery. It is unknown if there are groups of women who experience similar patterns of these adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and if the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups.</p>

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and determine whether the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Spontaneous Prematurity and Epigenetics of the Cervix (SPEC) is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, aged 18 and older. In this analysis, we included women who enrolled after 24 August 2014 and delivered by 20 January 2019. As women could enrol more than once, our cohort included 774 women with 787 pregnancies. We conducted a latent class analysis to identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy based on their responses to measures assessing depression, perceived stress, anxiety (pregnancy-related and generalised), stressful life events, resilience, and social support (partner and friend/family). After identifying the latent classes, we used log-binomial regression to compare the incidence of preterm delivery among the classes.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The median age among participants was 33.2&nbsp;years (interquartile range 30.3-36.3), and the majority were non-Hispanic white (56.9%). We identified three classes of adverse psychosocial factors (few, some, and many factors). In total, 63 (8.0%) pregnancies resulted in a preterm delivery. Compared to participants with few factors, the risk of preterm delivery was no different among participants with some (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.68, 2.25) and many adverse factors (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.73, 3.62).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>We identified three groups of pregnant women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors. We did not observe a difference in the risk of preterm delivery among the classes.</p>

10.1111/ppe.12756

Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol

33666948

Effect of Family Navigation on Diagnostic Ascertainment Among Children at Risk for Autism: A Randomized Clinical Trial From DBPNet.

2021

2021 Jan 11

2168-6211

<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with improved cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Targeted strategies are needed to support equitable access to diagnostic services to ensure that children from low-income and racial/ethnic minority families receive the benefits of early ASD identification and treatment.</p>

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the efficacy of family navigation (FN), an individually tailored, culturally informed care management strategy, to increase the likelihood of achieving diagnostic ascertainment among young children at risk for ASD.</p>

<p><strong>Design, Setting, and Participants: </strong>This randomized clinical trial of 249 families of children aged 15 to 27 months who had positive screening results for possible ASD was conducted in 11 urban primary care sites in 3 cities. Data collection occurred from February 24, 2015, through November 5, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed on an intent-to-treat basis from November 5, 2018, to July 27, 2020.</p>

<p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Families were randomized to FN or conventional care management (CCM). Families receiving FN were assigned a navigator who conducted community-based outreach to families to address structural barriers to care and support engagement in recommended services. Families receiving CCM were assigned to a care manager, who did limited telephone outreach. Families received FN or CCM after positive initial screening results and for 100 days after diagnostic ascertainment.</p>

<p><strong>Main Outcomes and Measures: </strong>The primary outcome, diagnostic ascertainment, was measured as the number of days from randomization to completion of the child's clinical developmental evaluation, when a diagnosis of ASD or other developmental disorder was determined.</p>

<p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 250 families randomized, 249 were included in the primary analysis (174 boys [69.9%]; mean [SD] age, 22.0 [3.5] months; 205 [82.3%] publicly insured; 233 [93.6%] non-White). Children who received FN had a greater likelihood of reaching diagnostic ascertainment over the course of 1 year (FN, 108 of 126 [85.7%]; CCM, 94 of 123 [76.4%]; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05-1.84]). Site (Boston, New Haven, and Philadelphia) and ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic) moderated the effect of FN (treatment × site interaction; P = .03; Boston: HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.31-3.26]; New Haven: HR, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.94-3.89]; and Philadelphia: HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.60-1.37]) (treatment × ethnicity interaction; P &lt; .001; Hispanic families: HR, 2.81 [95% CI, 2.23-3.54] vs non-Hispanic families: HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.45-1.53]). The magnitude of FN's effect was significantly greater among Hispanic families than among non-Hispanic families (diagnostic ascertainment among Hispanic families: FN, 90.9% [30 of 33], and CCM, 53.3% [16 of 30]; vs non-Hispanic families: FN, 89.7% [35 of 39], and CCM, 77.5% [31 of 40]).</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions and Relevance: </strong>Family navigation improved the likelihood of diagnostic ascertainment among children from racial/ethnic minority, low-income families who were detected as at risk for ASD in primary care. Results suggest differential effects of FN by site and ethnicity.</p>

<p><strong>Trial Registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02359084.</p>

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5218

JAMA Pediatr

33427861