First name
Stephanie
Middle name
J
Last name
Schrag

Title

Higher body mass index after intrapartum antibiotic exposure in children persists over 10-years.

Year of Publication

2023

Number of Pages

e13035

Date Published

04/2023

ISSN Number

2047-6310

Abstract

Exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce perinatal group B streptococcal disease was associated with increased childhood body mass index (BMI) persisting to age 10 years compared to no exposure (Δ BMI at 10 years: vaginal delivery 0.14 kg/m , caesarean 0.40 kg/m ).

DOI

10.1111/ijpo.13035

Alternate Title

Pediatr Obes

PMID

37026509
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Title

Intrapartum group B Streptococcal prophylaxis and childhood weight gain.

Year of Publication

2021

Number of Pages

Date Published

2021 May 06

ISSN Number

1468-2052

Abstract

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To determine the difference in rate of weight gain from birth to 5 years based on exposure to maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).</p>

<p><strong>DESIGN: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of 13 804 infants.</p>

<p><strong>SETTING: </strong>Two perinatal centres and a primary paediatric care network in Philadelphia.</p>

<p><strong>PARTICIPANTS: </strong>Term infants born 2007-2012, followed longitudinally from birth to 5 years of age.</p>

<p><strong>EXPOSURES: </strong>GBS IAP defined as penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, clindamycin or vancomycin administered ≥4 hours prior to delivery to the mother. Reference infants were defined as born to mothers without (vaginal delivery) or with other (caesarean delivery) intrapartum antibiotic exposure.</p>

<p><strong>OUTCOMES: </strong>Difference in rate of weight change from birth to 5 years was assessed using longitudinal rate regression. Analysis was a priori stratified by delivery mode and adjusted for relevant covariates.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>GBS IAP was administered to mothers of 2444/13 804 (17.7%) children. GBS IAP-exposed children had a significantly elevated rate of weight gain in the first 5 years among vaginally-born (adjusted rate difference 1.44% (95% CI 0.3% to 2.6%)) and caesarean-born (3.52% (95% CI 1.9% to 5.2%)) children. At 5 years, the rate differences equated to an additional 0.24 kg among vaginally-born children and 0.60 kg among caesarean-born children.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>GBS-specific IAP was associated with a modest increase in rate of early childhood weight gain. GBS IAP is an effective intervention to prevent perinatal GBS disease-associated morbidity and mortality. However, these findings highlight the need to better understand effects of intrapartum antibiotic exposure on childhood growth and support efforts to develop alternate prevention strategies.</p>

DOI

10.1136/archdischild-2020-320638

Alternate Title

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed

PMID

33958387
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Title

Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children.

Year of Publication

2021

Number of Pages

Date Published

2021 Jan 25

ISSN Number

1537-6591

Abstract

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduce a newborn's risk of group B streptococcal infection (GBS) but may lead to an increased childhood body mass index (BMI).</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of infants (n=223,431) born 2007-2015 in an integrated healthcare system. For vaginal delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP and to any other type or duration of intrapartum antibiotics to no antibiotic exposure. For Cesarean delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP to those exposed to all other intrapartum antibiotics, including surgical prophylaxis. BMI over 5 years was compared using non-linear multivariate models with B-spline functions, stratified by delivery mode and adjusted for demographics, maternal factors, breastfeeding and childhood antibiotic exposure.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>In vaginal deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with higher BMI from 0.5 to 5.0 years of age compared to no antibiotics (P&lt;0.0001 for all time points, Δ BMI at age 5 years 0.12&nbsp;kg/m 2, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.16&nbsp;kg/m 2). Other antibiotics were associated with higher BMI from 0.3 to 5.0 years of age. In Cesarean deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with increased BMI from 0.7 years to 5.0 years of age (P&lt;0.05 for 0.7-0.8 years, P&lt;0.0001 for all other time points) compared to other antibiotics (Δ BMI at age 5 years 0.24&nbsp;kg/m 2, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.34&nbsp;kg/m 2). Breastfeeding did not modify these associations.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>GBS-IAP was associated with a small but sustained increase in BMI starting at very early age. This association highlights the need to better understand the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on childhood health.</p>

DOI

10.1093/cid/ciab053

Alternate Title

Clin Infect Dis

PMID

33493270
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Title

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis 2015 to 2017, the Rise of Escherichia coli, and the Need for Novel Prevention Strategies.

Year of Publication

2020

Number of Pages

e200593

Date Published

2020 May 04

ISSN Number

2168-6211

Abstract

<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Early-onset sepsis (EOS) remains a potentially fatal newborn condition. Ongoing surveillance is critical to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.</p>

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the current incidence, microbiology, morbidity, and mortality of EOS among a cohort of term and preterm infants.</p>

<p><strong>Design, Setting, and Participants: </strong>This prospective surveillance study included a cohort of infants born at a gestational age (GA) of at least 22 weeks and birth weight of greater than 400 g from 18 centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from April 1, 2015, to March 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from June 14, 2019, to January 28, 2020.</p>

<p><strong>Main Outcomes and Measures: </strong>Early-onset sepsis defined by isolation of pathogenic species from blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture within 72 hours of birth and antibiotic treatment for at least 5 days or until death.</p>

<p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 235 EOS cases (127 male [54.0%]) were identified among 217 480 newborns (1.08 [95% CI, 0.95-1.23] cases per 1000 live births). Incidence varied significantly by GA and was highest among infants with a GA of 22 to 28 weeks (18.47 [95% CI, 14.57-23.38] cases per 1000). No significant differences in EOS incidence were observed by sex, race, or ethnicity. The most frequent pathogens were Escherichia coli (86 [36.6%]) and group B streptococcus (GBS; 71 [30.2%]). E coli disease primarily occurred among preterm infants (68 of 131 [51.9%]); GBS disease primarily occurred among term infants (54 of 104 [51.9%]), with 24 of 45 GBS cases (53.3%) seen in infants born to mothers with negative GBS screening test results. Intrapartum antibiotics were administered to 162 mothers (68.9%; 110 of 131 [84.0%] preterm and 52 of 104 [50.0%] term), most commonly for suspected chorioamnionitis. Neonatal empirical antibiotic treatment most frequently included ampicillin and gentamicin. All GBS isolates were tested, but only 18 of 81 (22.2%) E coli isolates tested were susceptible to ampicillin; 6 of 77 E coli isolates (7.8%) were resistant to both ampicillin and gentamicin. Nearly all newborns with EOS (220 of 235 [93.6%]) displayed signs of illness within 72 hours of birth. Death occurred in 38 of 131 infected infants with GA of less than 37 weeks (29.0%); no term infants died. Compared with earlier surveillance (2006-2009), the rate of E coli infection increased among very low-birth-weight (401-1500 g) infants (8.68 [95% CI, 6.50-11.60] vs 5.07 [95% CI, 3.93-6.53] per 1000 live births; P = .008).</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions and Relevance: </strong>In this study, EOS incidence and associated mortality disproportionately occurred in preterm infants. Contemporary cases have demonstrated the limitations of current GBS prevention strategies. The increase in E coli infections among very low-birth-weight infants warrants continued study. Ampicillin and gentamicin remained effective antibiotics in most cases, but ongoing surveillance should monitor antibiotic susceptibilities of EOS pathogens.</p>

DOI

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0593

Alternate Title

JAMA Pediatr

PMID

32364598
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