Comparison of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent and Blalock-Taussig Shunt as Palliation for Neonates with Sole Source Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Results from the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative.

2021

2021 Sep 15

1432-1971

<p>Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting is an accepted method for securing pulmonary blood flow in cyanotic neonates. In neonates with pulmonary atresia and single source ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow (SSPBF), PDA stenting remains controversial. We sought to evaluate outcomes in neonates with SSPBF, comparing PDA stenting and surgical Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS). Neonates with SSPBF who underwent PDA stenting or BTS at the four centers of the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative from January 2008 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Reintervention on the BTS or PDA stent prior to planned surgical repair served as the primary endpoint. Additional analyses of peri-procedural complications, interventions, and pulmonary artery growth were performed. A propensity score was utilized to adjust for differences in factors. Thirty-five patients with PDA stents and 156 patients with BTS were included. The cohorts had similar baseline characteristics, procedural complications, and mortality. Interstage reintervention rates were higher in the PDA stent cohort (48.6% vs. 15.4%, p &lt; 0.001).</p>

10.1007/s00246-021-02699-7

Pediatr Cardiol

34524483

Impact of Treatment Strategy on Outcomes in Isolated Pulmonary Artery of Ductal Origin.

2021

2021 Jan 04

1432-1971

<p>Isolated pulmonary artery (PA) of ductal origin (IPADO) is a rare cardiac defect which requires surgical repair, with or without preceding palliation. We sought to determine the impact of treatment strategy on outcomes. Retrospective study of consecutive patients with IPADO that underwent staged or primary repair from 1/05 to 9/16 at 6 Congenital Cardiac Research Collaborative centers. Patients with single ventricle physiology, major aortopulmonary collaterals, or bilateral IPADO were excluded. Primary outcome was isolated PA z-score at late follow-up. Secondary outcomes included PA symmetry index (isolated:confluent PA diameter) and reintervention burden. Propensity score adjustment was used to account for baseline differences. Of 60 patients in the study cohort, 26 (43%) underwent staged and 34 (57%) primary repair. The staged and primary repair groups differed in weight at diagnosis and presence of other heart disease but not in baseline PA dimensions. Staged patients underwent ductal stent (n = 16) or surgical shunt (n = 10) placement followed by repair at 210 vs. 21 days in the primary repair group (p &lt; 0.001). At median follow-up of 4.5 years post-repair, after adjustment, isolated PA z-score (- 0.74 [- 1.75, - 0.26] vs. - 1.95 [- 2.91, - 1.59], p = 0.012) and PA symmetry index (0.81 [0.49, 1.0] vs. 0.55 [0.48, 0.69], p = 0.042) significantly favored the staged repair group. Freedom from PA reintervention was not different between groups (adjusted HR 0.78 [0.41, 1.48]; p = 0.445). A staged approach to repair of IPADO is associated with superior isolated PA size and symmetry at late follow-up. Consideration should be given to initial palliation in IPADO patients, when feasible.</p>

10.1007/s00246-020-02511-y

Pediatr Cardiol

33394118

Impact of Palliation Strategy on Interstage Feeding and Somatic Growth for Infants With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Results from the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative.

2020

e013807

2020 Jan 07

2047-9980

<p><strong>Background</strong> In infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, the impact of palliation strategy on interstage growth and feeding regimen is unknown.</p>

<p><strong>Methods and Results</strong> This was a retrospective multicenter study of infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) from 2008 to 2015. Subjects with a defined interstage, the time between initial palliation and subsequent palliation or repair, were included. Primary outcome was change in weight-for-age -score. Secondary outcomes included % of patients on: all oral feeds, feeding-related medications, higher calorie feeds, and feeding-related readmission. Propensity score was used to account for baseline differences. Subgroup analysis was performed in 1- (1V) and 2-ventricle (2V) groups. The cohort included 66 PDA stent (43.9% 1V) and 195 BTS (54.4% 1V) subjects. Prematurity was more common in the PDA stent group (=0.051). After adjustment, change in weight-for-age -score did not differ between groups over the entire interstage. However, change in weight-for-age -score favored PDA stent during the inpatient interstage (=0.005) and BTS during the outpatient interstage (=0.032). At initial hospital discharge, PDA stent treatment was associated with all oral feeds (&lt;0.001) and absence of feeding-related medications (=0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that 2V but not 1V patients demonstrated significant increase in weight-for-age -score. In the 2V cohort, feeding-related readmissions were more common in the BTS group (=0.008).</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions </strong>In infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent palliation with PDA stent or BTS, there was no difference in interstage growth. PDA stent was associated with a simpler feeding regimen and fewer feeding-related readmissions.</p>

10.1161/JAHA.119.013807

J Am Heart Assoc

31852418

Use of carotid and axillary artery approach for stenting the patent ductus arteriosus in infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow: A multicenter study from the congenital catheterization research collaborative.

2019

2019 Dec 09

1522-726X

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Carotid artery (CA) and axillary artery (AA) access are increasingly used for transcatheter stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), although reports are limited.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>The Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative (CCRC) reviewed multicenter data from infants who underwent PDA stenting via the CA or AA approach from 2008 to 2017, and compared outcomes to those of infants undergoing PDA stenting via the femoral artery (FA) approach. Post-procedure ultrasound (US) imaging was reviewed.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Forty-nine infants underwent PDA stenting from the CA (n = 43) or AA (n = 6) approach, compared with 55 infants who underwent PDA stenting from the FA approach. The PDA was the sole pulmonary blood flow (PBF) source in 61% of infants in the CA/AA cohort, compared with 33% of the FA cohort (p &lt; .01). Ductal tortuosity for CA/AA cohort was Type I (straight) in 10 (20%), Type II (one turn) in 17 (35%), and Type III (multiple turns) in 22 (45%) infants and reflected a greater degree of tortuosity when compared to the FA cohort (p &lt; .01). In 17 infants with CA/AA approach, the "flip technique" was used, and was associated with shorter procedure times for highly tortuous PDA (Type III) patients. Rates of procedural complications were similar across access sites. Most common complications were access site injury (thrombus or bleeding) and stent malposition. No complications were specifically related to the "flip technique."</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Use of CA and AA approach for PDA stenting was found to be more commonly employed in sole source PBF and highly tortuous PDAs. Procedural modifications such as the "flip technique" may lead to shorter procedure times. CA and AA approaches are associated with a similar burden of procedural or late complications. Post-procedural surveillance of the CA and AA is suggested, given the incidence of vascular findings on US.</p>

10.1002/ccd.28631

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv

31815357

Comparison of Outcomes at Time of Superior Cavopulmonary Connection Between Single Ventricle Patients With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow Initially Palliated With Either Blalock-Taussig Shunt or Ductus Arteriosus Stent

2019

e008110

2019 Oct

1941-7632

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Patients with single ventricle anatomy and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow may be initially palliated with either modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) or ductus arteriosus stent (DAS). Comparisons of outcomes during the interstage period and at the time of superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) are lacking and may differ between palliation strategies.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Infants with single ventricle anatomy and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with either DAS or BTS from 2008 to 2015 were reviewed across 4 centers. Interstage outcomes, and for those who had SCPC, anatomy, hemodynamics, and perioperative clinical outcomes were compared. Thirty-five patients with DAS and 136 patients with BTS were included.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>At initial palliation, demographic, clinical variables, and pulmonary artery size were similar. Interstage death, transplant, or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis occurred in 25.7% of DAS and 35.8% of BTS, =0.27. Reintervention was more common with DAS (48.6% versus 2.2%; &lt;0.001). Twenty-three DAS patients and 111 BTS patients underwent SCPC. Preoperative hemodynamics and overall pulmonary atresia growth were similar, although right pulmonary artery growth was better with DAS (change in -score: 1.57 versus 0.65, =0.026). SCPC intraoperative and postoperative courses were similar.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>In patients with single-ventricle anatomy and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, interstage outcomes, hemodynamics before SCPC, and acute postoperative outcomes were similar. Overall reintervention was more common in the DAS group, driven by more frequent planned reintervention. Unplanned reintervention, death, and transplant were similar. Both groups demonstrated good pulmonary atresia growth. DAS is a reasonable initial palliative alternative to BTS in select patients.</p>

10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.008110

Circ Cardiovasc Interv

31607156

Differences in Cost of Care by Palliation Strategy for Infants With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow.

2019

e007232

2019 Apr

1941-7632

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>In infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, initial palliation with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt have comparable mortality but discrepant length of stay, procedural complication rates and reintervention burdens, which may influence cost. The relative economic impact of these palliation strategies is unknown.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS AND RESULTS: </strong>Retrospective study of infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with PDA stent (n=104) or BT shunt (n=251) from 2008 to 2015 at 4 centers of the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative. Inflation-adjusted inpatient hospital costs were calculated for first year of life using Pediatric Health Information System data. Costs derived from outpatient catheterizations not in Pediatric Health Information System were imputed. Costs were compared using propensity score-adjusted multivariable models, to account for baseline differences between groups. After propensity score adjustment, first year of life costs were significantly lower in PDA stent ($215 825 [190 644-244 333]) than BT shunt ($249 855 [230 693-270 609]) patients ( P=0.05). After addition of imputed costs, first year of life costs were not significantly different between PDA stent ($226 403 [200 274-255 941]) and BT shunt ($252 072 [232 955-272 759]) groups ( P=0.15). Patient characteristics associated with higher costs included: younger gestational age, genetic syndrome, noncardiac diagnoses, procedural complications, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, duration of ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay and reintervention ( P≤0.02 for all).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>In this first multicenter comparative cost study of PDA stent or BT shunt as palliation for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, adjusted for baseline differences, PDA stent was associated with lower to equivalent costs over the first year of life. Combined with previous evidence suggesting clinical noninferiority, these findings suggest that PDA stent provides competitive health care value.</p>

10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007232

Circ Cardiovasc Interv

30998390

Stenting of the ductus arteriosus for ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow-current techniques and procedural considerations.

2019

110-115

2019 Jan

1747-0803

<p>The use of prostaglandin-E1 immediately after birth and subsequent surgical creation of the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) shunt have remarkably improved the prognosis and survival of children with congenital heart disease and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Despite the advancement in surgical techniques, bypass strategies, and postoperative management, significant morbidity and mortality after BTS still remain. Patent ductus arteriosus stenting has been shown to be as an acceptable alternative to BTS placement in select infants with ductal-dependent PBF. Newer procedural techniques and equipment, along with operator experience have all contributed to procedural refinement associated with improved outcomes over the recent years. In this article, we review the procedural and periprocedural details, with an emphasis on recent advances of this procedure.</p>

10.1111/chd.12709

Congenit Heart Dis

30811792

Classification scheme for ductal morphology in cyanotic patients with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow and association with outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus stenting.

2019

2019 Feb 21

1522-726X

<p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>To devise a classification scheme for ductal morphology in patients with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow (PBF) that can be used to assess outcomes.</p>

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>The impact of ductal morphology on outcomes following patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting is not well defined.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Patients &lt;1 year of age who underwent PDA stenting for ductal dependent PBF at the four centers comprising the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative (CCRC) were included. A classification scheme for PDA morphology was devised based on a tortuosity index (TI)-Type I (straight), Type II (one turn), and Type III (multiple turns). A subtype classification was used based upon the ductal origin.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>One hundred and five patients underwent PDA stenting. TI was Type I in 58, Type II in 24, and Type III in 23 PDAs, respectively. There was a significant association between ductal origin and vascular access site (p &lt; 0.001). Procedure times and need for &gt;1 stent did not differ based on TI. Greater TI was associated with pulmonary artery (PA) jailing (p = 0.003). Twelve (11.4%) patients underwent unplanned reintervention, more commonly with greater TI (p = 0.022) and PA jailing (p &lt; 0.001). At the time of subsequent surgical repair/palliative staging, PA arterioplasty was performed in 32 patients, more commonly when a PA was jailed (p = 0.048). PA jailing did not affect PA size at follow up.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The proposed qualitative and quantitative PDA morphology classification scheme may be helpful in anticipating outcomes in patients with ductal dependent PBF undergoing PDA stenting.</p>

10.1002/ccd.28125

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv

30790426

A Comparison Between Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent and Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt as Palliation for Infants with Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Insights From the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative.

2018

589-601

2018 Feb 6

1524-4539

<p>Background -Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow may undergo palliation with either a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt. A balanced multi-center comparison of these two approaches is lacking. Methods -Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, palliated with either PDA stent or BT shunt from 1/08 to 11/15, were reviewed from the four member centers of the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative. Outcomes were compared using propensity score adjustment to account for baseline differences between groups. Results -106 PDA stent and 251 BT shunt patients were included. The groups differed in underlying anatomy (expected two-ventricle circulation in 60% of PDA stents v. 45% of BT shunts, p=0.001), and presence of antegrade pulmonary blood flow (61% of PDA stents v. 38% of BT shunts, p&lt;0.001). After propensity score adjustment, there was no difference in the hazard of the primary composite outcome of death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis [HR=0.8 (95% CI: 0.52 - 1.23), p=0.31]. Other reinterventions were more common in the PDA stent group [HR=29.8 (95% CI: 9.8 - 91.1, p&lt;0.001]. However, the PDA stent group had a lower adjusted ICU length of stay [5.3 (95% CI 4.2 - 6.7) v. 9.19 (95% CI 7.9 - 10.6) days, p&lt;0.001], a lower risk of diuretic use at discharge [OR=0.4 (95% CI: 0.25 - 0.64), p&lt;0.001] and procedural complications [OR=0.4 (95% CI: 0.2 - 0.77), p=0.006], and larger [152 (95% CI: 132 - 176) v. 125 (95% CI: 113 - 138) mm(2)/m(2), p=0.029] and more symmetric [symmetry index 0.84 (95% CI: 0.8 - 0.89) v. 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75 - 0.8), p=0.008] pulmonary arteries at the time of subsequent surgical repair or last follow-up. Conclusions -In this multi-center comparison of palliative PDA stent and BT shunt for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, adjusted for differences in patient factors, there was no difference in the primary endpoint, death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis. However, other markers of morbidity and pulmonary artery size favored the PDA stent group, supporting PDA stent as a reasonable alternative to BT shunt in select patients.</p>

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029987

Circulation

29042354