<p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>To describe the percentage and characteristics of children &lt;24 months old with non-motor vehicle crash (non-MVC)-related injuries who 1) undergo a skeletal survey and 2) have occult fractures.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>We performed a retrospective chart review of a stratified, systematic random sample of 1769 children &lt;24 months old with non-MVC-related bruises, burns, fractures, abdominal injuries, and head injuries at 4 children's hospitals from 2008-2012. Sampling weights were assigned to each child to allow for representative hospital-level population estimates. Logistic regression models tested for associations between patient characteristics with outcomes of skeletal survey completion and occult fracture identification.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Skeletal surveys were performed in 46.3% of 0-5 month olds, 21.1% of 6-11 month olds, 8.0% of 12-17 month olds and 6.2% of 18-24 month olds. Skeletal surveys were most performed in children with traumatic brain injuries (64.7%) and rib fractures (100%) and least in burns (2.1%) and minor head injuries (4.4%). In adjusted analyses, increased age, private insurance and reported history of accidental trauma were associated with decreased skeletal survey use (all p≤0.001). The prevalence of occult fractures on skeletal survey ranged from 24.6% in infants 0-5 month olds to 3.6% in 18-24 month olds, and varied within age categories based on the presenting injury (p&lt;0.001).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The high rate of occult fractures in infants 0-5 months old underscores the importance of increasing the use of skeletal surveys in this population. Further research is needed to identify the injury characteristics of older infants and toddlers most at risk for occult fractures.</p>

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Children and adolescents necessitating hospitalization for physical health conditions are at high risk for mental health conditions; however, the prevalence of mental health conditions and symptoms among hospitalized children and adolescents is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of hospitalized children and adolescents who have diagnosed mental health disorders or undiagnosed mental health problems.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>In this single-center point prevalence study of hospitalized children between the ages of 4 and 21 years, patients or their parents reported known mental health diagnoses and use of services using the Services Assessment for Children and Adolescent, and they reported patient mental health symptoms using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, 17-item form (PSC-17).</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Of 229 eligible patients, 119 agreed to participate. Demographic characteristics of patients who enrolled were not statistically significantly different from those of patients who declined to participate. Among participants, 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-35%) reported a known mental health diagnosis. On the PSC-17, 29% (95% CI, 21%-38%) of participants had a positive screen for mental health symptoms. Of those with a positive screen, 38% (95% CI, 21%-55%) had no known mental health diagnosis, and 26% (95% CI, 12%-43%) had not received ambulatory mental health services in the 12 months before hospitalization.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Mental health conditions and symptoms are common among patients hospitalized in a tertiary children's hospital, and many affected patients are not receiving ambulatory mental health services.</p>

<p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>To describe the disposition of young children diagnosed with physical abuse in the emergency department (ED) setting and identify factors associated with the decision to discharge young abused children.</p>

<p><strong>STUDY DESIGN: </strong>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of children less than 2 years of age diagnosed with physical abuse in the 2006-2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. National estimates were calculated accounting for the complex survey design. We developed a multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between payer type and discharge from the ED compared with admission with adjustment for patient and hospital factors.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Of the 37 655 ED encounters with a diagnosis of physical abuse among children less than 2 years of age, 51.8% resulted in discharge, 41.2% in admission, 4.3% in transfer, 0.3% in death in the ED, and 2.5% in other. After adjustment for age, sex, injury type, and hospital characteristics (trauma designation, volume of young children, and hospital region), there were differences in discharge decisions by payer and injury severity. The adjusted percentage discharged of publicly insured children with minor/moderate injury severity was 56.2% (95% CI 51.6, 60.7). The adjusted percentages discharged were higher for both privately insured children at 69.9% (95% CI 64.4, 75.5) and self-pay children at 72.9% (95% CI 67.4, 78.4). The adjusted percentages discharged among severely injured children did not differ significantly by payer.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The majority of ED visits for young children diagnosed with abuse resulted in discharge. The notable differences in disposition by payer warrant further investigation.</p>