<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To examine whether hospital type (children's hospital or generalist hospital) and surgeon specialty are associated with variations in surgical outcomes for hospitalized adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requiring surgery.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>The 2007-2009 Perspective Data Warehouse was used to identify a retrospective cohort study of all inpatients 16 to 25 years old who received surgery for IBD. Multivariate regression, clustered at the hospital level, examined the association of hospital type and surgical specialty with surgical complications and 30-day readmissions.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Surgery was performed in 917 hospitalizations of 598 patients across 20 children's hospitals and 198 general hospitals by 566 general surgeons, 46 pediatric surgeons, and 305 colorectal surgeons. After adjustment, children's hospitals had higher predicted probabilities of surgical complication (predicted probability [PP]: 35% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28-42]) compared with general hospitals (PP: 26% [95% CI: 23-29]). Despite higher complications among children's hospitals, pediatric surgeons had lowest predicated probabilities of surgical complication or 30-day readmission (PP: 24% [95% CI: 10-39]) compared with general surgeons (PP: 39% [95% CI: 35-43]) and colorectal surgeons (PP: 35% [95% CI: 28-42]).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Disparate outcomes for adolescents and young adults receiving care in children's versus generalist hospitals and from different types of surgeons reveal the need to better understand how practice setting and surgical specialty may modify outcomes for a population that traverses a variety of health care settings.</p>

<p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>Adolescents and young adults (A/YA) with sickle cell disease (SCD) are hospitalized in both children's and general hospitals. We determined the effect of hospital type and provider specialty on outcomes of hospitalized A/YA with SCD and acute chest syndrome (ACS).</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used the 2007-2009 Premier Database, a large multi-institutional database, to identify 1476 patients ages 16 to 25 years with 2299 admissions with SCD and ACS discharged from 256 US hospitals from 2007 to 2009. Multilevel logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression were performed after adjustment for patient demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics to test the association of hospital type and provider specialty on death, endotracheal intubation, simple or exchange transfusion, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmission.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Of all admissions, 14 died and 45% were intubated. General hospitals had 13 deaths and were associated with higher intubation rates (predicted probability [PP], 48% [95% confidence interval (CI), 43%-52%]) and longer LOS (predicted mean LOS, 7.6 days [95% CI, 7.2-7.9]) compared with children's hospitals (PP of intubation, 24% [95% CI, 5%-42%]; and predicted mean LOS, 6.8 days [95% CI, 5.6-5.8]). There was no difference by hospital type or provider specialty in PP of simple or exchange transfusion, or 30-day readmission.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>General hospitals carry higher intubation risks for A/YA with SCD and ACS compared with children's hospitals. We need to better understand the drivers of these differences, including the role of staff expertise, hospital volume, and quality of ongoing SCD care.</p>